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Microbial cellulose
Microbial cellulose, sometimes called bacterial cellulose, is a form of cellulose that is produced by bacteria. It is widely used in the traditional Filipino dessert Nata de coco. The earliest articles describing microbial cellulose was from 1931,〔Tarr, H. L. A., and Harold Hibbert. "Studies on reactions relating to carbohydrates and polysaccharides. XXXV. Polysaccharide synthesis by the action of Acetobacter xylinus on carbohydrates and related compounds." Canadian Journal of Research 4.4 (1931): 372-388.〕 it was subsequently identified as cellulose in 1934.〔Barsha, Jacob, and Harold Hibbert. "STUDIES ON REACTIONS RELATING TO CARBOHYDRATES AND POLYSACCHARIDES: XLVI. STRUCTURE OF THE CELLULOSE SYNTHESIZED BY THE ACTION OF ACETOBACTER XYLINUS ON FRUCTOSE AND GLYCEROL." Canadian Journal of Research 10.2 (1934): 170-179.〕
== Production ==
Bacteria from the genera ''Aerobacter'', ''Acetobacter'', ''Achromobacter'', ''Agrobacterium'', ''Alacaligenes'', ''Azotobacter'', ''Pseudomonas'', ''Rhizobium'', and ''Sarcina'' synthesize cellulose.〔P. Ross, R. Mayer, and M. Benziman (1991) "Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria," ''Microbiol Mol Biol Rev'', vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 35-58, Mar.〕 However, only the ''Gluconacetobacter'' produce enough cellulose to justify commercial interest. The most extensively studied species is ''Gluconacetobacter xylinus'', formerly known as ''Acetobacter xylinum'' and since reclassified as ''Komagataeibacter xylinus''.〔
''G. xylinus'' extrudes glycan chains from pores into the growth medium. These aggregate into microfibrils, which bundle to form microbial cellulose ribbons. Various kinds of sugars are used as substrate. Production occurs mostly at the interface of liquid and air.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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